Eve Irvine is pleased to welcome Thierry Bros, energy & climate expert and Professor of Science and Economics at Sciences Po. As geopolitical conflicts unsettle global energy markets and governments struggle to reconcile climate commitments with economic and security imperatives, the answer lies in a fundamental reconsideration of the sequence of climate policy. “Electrification first,” he argues, acknowledging that this “doesn’t necessarily mean clean electricity.” His argument is grounded in a critical assessment of international climate diplomacy and European energy policy. “We’ve seen many COPs, and they’ve all failed,” he contends, questioning the effectiveness of ambitious targets that have yet to deliver the necessary structural transformation. In his view, electrification offers a more pragmatic route than some of the technological priorities previously championed by European policymakers.